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Applications in Confocal Microscopy
Fluorescent Protein Photobleaching Literature Sources
The field of cell biology is rapidly being transformed by the application of fluorescent proteins as fusion tags to track dynamic behavior in living cells. In this regard, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is often employed to selectively destroy fluorescent molecules within a region of interest with a high-intensity laser, followed by monitoring the recovery of new fluorescent molecules into the bleached area over a period of time with low-intensity laser light. The resulting information can be used to determine kinetic properties, including the diffusion coefficient, mobile fraction, and transport rate of the fluorescently labeled molecules. The selected references below point to important literature sources for information on FRAP with fluorescent proteins.
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Calapez, A., Pereira, H. M., Calado, A., Braga, J., Rino, J., Carvalho, C., Tavanez, J. P., Wahle, E., Rosa, A. C., and Carmo-Fonseca, M., The intranuclear mobility of messenger RNA binding proteins is ATP dependent and temperature sensitive., Journal of Cell Biology 159: 795-805 (2002). | PubMed |
Carrero, G., McDonald, D., Crawford, E., de Vries, Gerda, and Hendzel, M. J., Using FRAP and mathematical modeling to determine the in vivo kinetics of nuclear proteins., Methods 29: 14-28 (2003). | PubMed |
Chen, D. and Huang, S., Nucleolar components involved in ribosome biogenesis cycle between the nucleolus and nucleoplasm in interphase cells., Journal of Cell Biology 153: 169-176 (2001). | PubMed |
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Coscoy, S., Waharte, F., Gautreau, A., Martin, M., Louvard, D., Mangeat, P., Arpin, M., and Amblard, F., Molecular analysis of microscopic ezrin dynamics by two-photon FRAP., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99: 12813 (2002). | PubMed |
Daigle, N., Beaudouin, J., Hartnell, L., Imreh, G., Hallberg, E., Lippincott-Schwartz, J., and Ellenberg, J., Nuclear pore complexes form immobile networks and have a very low turnover in live mammalian cells., Journal of Cell Biology 154: 71-84 (2001). | PubMed |
Dayel, M. J., Hom, E. F. Y., and Verkman, A. S., Diffusion of green fluorescent protein in the aqueous-phase lumen of endoplasmic reticulum., Biophysical Journal 76: 2843-2851 (1999). | PubMed |
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Edidin, M., Zagyanky, Y., and Lardner, T. J., Measurement of membrane protein lateral diffusion in single cells., Science 191: 466-468 (1976). | PubMed |
Ellenberg, J., Siggia, E. D., Moreira, J. E., Smith, C. L., Presley, J. F., Worman, H. J., and Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Nuclear membrane dynamics and reassembly in living cells: Targeting of an inner nuclear membrane in interphase and mitosis., Journal of Cell Biology 138: 1193-1206 (1997). | PubMed |
Essers, J., Houtsmuller, A. B., van Veelen, L., Paulusma, D., Nigg, A. L., Pastink, A., Vermeulen, W., Hoeijmakers, J. H., and Kanaar, R., Nuclear dynamics of RAD52 group homologous recombination proteins in response to DNA damage., The EMBO Journal 21: 2030-2037 (2002). | PubMed |
Gerlich, D., Beaudouin, J., Gebhard, M., Ellenberg, J., and Eils, R., Four-dimensional imaging and quantitative reconstruction to analyse complex spatiotemporal processes in live cells., Nature Cell Biology 3: 852-855 (2001). | PubMed |
Gerlich, D., Beaudouin, J., Kalbfuss, B., Daigle, N., Eils, R., and Ellenberg, J., Global chromosome positions are transmitted through mitosis in mammalian cells., Cell 112: 751-764 (2003). | PubMed |
Gordon, G. W., Chazotte, B., Wang, X. F., and Herman, B., Analysis of simulated and experimental fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Data for two diffusing components., Biophysical Journal 68: 766-778 (1995). | PubMed |
Handwerger, K. E., Murphy, C., and Gall, J. G., Steady-state dynamics of Cajal body components in the Xenopus germinal vesicle., Journal of Cell Biology 160: 495-504 (2003). | PubMed |
Haraguchi, T., Live cell imaging: Approaches for studying protein dynamics in living cells., Cell Structure and Function 27: 333-334 (2002). | PubMed |
Hirschberg, K., Miller, C. M., Ellenberg, J., Presley, J. F., Siggia, E. D., Phair, R. D., and Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Kinetic analysis of secretory protein traffic and characterization of golgi to plasma membrane transport intermediates in living cells., Journal of Cell Biology 143: 1485-1503 (1998). | PubMed |
Houtsmuller, A. B., Rademakers, S., Nigg, A. L., Hoogstraten, D., Hoeijmakers, J. H., and Vermeulen, W., Action of DNA repair endonuclease ERCC1/XPF in living cells., Science 284: 958-961 (1999). | PubMed |
Houtsmuller, A. B. and Vermeulen, W., Macromolecular dynamics in living cell nuclei revealed by fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching., Histochemistry and Cell Biology 115: 13-21 (2001). | PubMed |
Jacobson, K., Hou, Y., and Wojcieszyn, J., Evidence for lack of damage during photobleaching measurements of the lateral mobility of cell surface components., Experimental Cell Research 116: 179-189 (1978). | PubMed |
Klonis, N., Rug, M., Harper, I., Wickman, M., Cowman, A., and Tilley, L., Fluorescence photobleaching analysis for the study of cellular dynamics., European Biophysics Journal 31: 36-51 (2002). | PubMed |
Kohler, R. H., Cao, J., Zipfel, W. R., Webb, W. W., and Hanson, M. R., Exchange of protein molecules through connections between higher plant plastids., Science 276: 2039-2042 (1997). | PubMed |
Köster, M., Frahm, T., and Hauser, H., Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling revealed by FRAP and FLIP technologies., Current Opinion in Biotechnology 16: 28-34 (2005). | PubMed |
Kruhlak, M. J., Lever, M. A., Fischle, W., Verdin, E., Bazett-Jones, D. P., and Hendzel, M. J., Reduced mobility of the alternate splicing factor (ASF) through the nucleoplasm and steady state speckle compartments., Journal of Cell Biology 150: 41-51 (2000).
| PubMed |
Kruse, C., Jaedicke, A., Beaudouin, J., Bohl, F., Ferring, D., Guttler, T., Ellenberg, J., and Jansen, R. P., Ribonucleoprotein-dependent localization of the yeast class V myosin Myo4p., Journal of Cell Biology 159: 971-982 (2002). | PubMed |
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Levin, M. H., Haggie, P. M., Vetrivel, L., and Verkman, A. S., Diffusion in the endoplasmic reticulum of an aquaporin-2 mutant causing human nephrogenic diabetes insipidus., Journal of Biological Chemistry 276: 21331-21336 (2001). | PubMed |
Lippincott-Schwartz, J., The secretory membrane system studied in real-time., Histochemistry and Cell Biology 116: 97-107 (2001). | PubMed |
Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Altan-Bonnet, N., and Patterson, G. H., Photobleaching and photoactivation: Following protein dynamics in living cells., Nature Cell Biology Supplement: S7-S14 (2003). | PubMed |
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Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Snapp, E., and Kenworthy, A., Studying protein dynamics in living cells., Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2: 444-456 (2001). | PubMed |
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McNally, J. G. and Smith, C. L., Photobleaching by confocal microscopy., in Confocal and Two-Photon Microscopy, Diaspro, A. (ed.), Wiley-Liss, New York, pages 525-538 (2001).
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Meyvis, T. K. L., De Smedt, S. C., Van Oostveldt, P., and Demeester, J., Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching: A versatile tool for mobility and interaction measurements in pharmaceutical research., Pharmaceutical Research 16: 1153-1162 (1999). | PubMed |
Misteli, T., Protein dynamics: Implications for nuclear architecture and gene expression., Science 291: 843-847 (2001). | PubMed |
Nehls, S., Snapp, E. L., Cole, N. B., Zaal, K. J. M., Kenworthy, A. K., Roberts, T. H., Ellenberg, J., Presley, J. F., Siggia, E., and Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Dynamics and retention of misfolded proteins in native endoplasmic reticulum membranes., Nature Cell Biology 2: 288-295 (2000). | PubMed |
Nikonov, A. V., Snapp, E., Lippincott-Schwartz, J., and Kreibich, G., Active translocation complexes labeled with GFP-Dad1 diffuse slowly as large polysome arrays in the endoplasmic reticulum., Journal of Cell Biology 158: 497-506 (2002). | PubMed |
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| PubMed |
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